Tumenye umubiri wacu: Imvubura ya hypophyse

Hypophyse (soma ipofize) ari yo mu cyongereza yitwa pituitary gland cyangwa hypophysis, ni imvubura ibarizwa mu mvubura zohereza imisemburo zavubuye mu maraso, iyo misemburo ikagira uruhare mu mikorere inyuranye y’umubiri. Ni imvubura ntoya cyane kuko ingana n’ishaza rito, igapima 0.5g, ni ukuvuga ngo uburemere bwayo nta nubwo bugera ku igarama 1. Iyi mvubura ikaba iherereye mu gice cyo hasi ku bwonko aho ubwonko buhurira n’umusokoro ujya mu rutirigongo.

Nyamara nubwo ari gato bingana gutyo, akamaro iyi mvubura ifitiye umubiri wacu ni ntagereranywa nkuko turi buze kubibona.

Iyi mvubura igizwe n’uduce tubiri tw’ingenzi : ak’imbere n’ak’inyuma, gusa hagati yatwo harimo agace ko hagati.

Iyi mvubura twakita “imvubura-nyobozi” kuko ari yo igira uruhare runini mu mikorere y’izindi mvubura, ikora imisemburo inyuranye ifite byinshi ikora mu mubiri wacu, ndetse iyo misemburo imwe muri yo ikoresha izindi mvubura.

Dore imisemburo ikorerwa mu gace k’imbere

• Prolactin: uyu musemburo niwo utuma umugore agira amashereka nyuma yo kubyara. Ndetse unagira uruhare mu mikorerwe y’intanga haba ku bagabo no ku bagore.
• Growth Hormone (GH): uyu ni umusemburo wo gukura nkuko izina ribigaragaza. Uyu musemburo ugira akamaro cyane tukivuka, kuko niwo utuma umwana akura neza, kuwubura cyangwa kuba mucye kwawo bigira ingaruka ku mikurire y’umwana cyane cyane mu gihagararo. Ku bakuru uyu musemburo ufasha amagufa n’imikaya gukomera.
• Adrenocorticotropin (ACTH)– uyu musemburo wa ACTH niwo utuma imvubura za adrenals (imvubura ntoya ziri ku mpyiko hejuru) zirekura umusemburo wa cortisol. Uyu musemburo, unitwa “umusemburo wa stress” ni ingenzi mu gutuma turokoka ibyago byinshi. Nko mu gihe imodoka igiye kukugonga, hari ikigukanze se, uyu musemburo urekurwa ku bwinshi ugatuma uhita ukora ikintu runaka rimwe na rimwe umeze nk’aho udatekereje. Iyo dukirutse indwara, niwo uzamura igipimo cy’isukari mu mubiri, bigafasha mu kongera kugarura agatege. Ubusanzwe ukaba uringaniza igipimo cy’isukari mu mubiri, ukanayobora umuvuduko w’amaraso.
• Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)– umusemburo wa TSH nkuko izina ribigaragaza, niwo utuma imvubura ya thyroid ikora ikarekura imisemburo irimo iyituma dukura neza, imikorere y’urwungano rw’imyakura, kuringaniza ingufu z’umubiri, no kuringaniza imikorere y’inyama zo mu mubiri
• Luteinizing hormone (LH)– umusemburo wa LH  niwo utuma abagabo tugira testosterone naho ku bagore ugatuma habaho igihe cy’uburumbuke
• Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)– uyu musemburo wo utuma hakorwa amasohoro ku bagabo, naho ku bagore ugatuma hakorwa estrogen kandi igi rigakura. Uyu musemburo ukorana na LH mu migendekere myiza y’imyororkere

Imisemburo ikorerwa mu gace k’inyuma

Mu gace k’inyuma niho hakorerwa imisemburo micye ugereranyije no mu gace k’imbere

• Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)– umusemburo wa ADH ari na wo witwa vasopressin, uringaniza igipimo cy’amazi mu mubiri, kuko niwo utuma nta mazi menshi asohoka mu nkari.
• Oxytocin –uyu musemburo ugira akazina k’akabyiniriro ko kuba umusemburo w’urukundo, uyu musemburo niwo utuma amashereka yiyongera nyuma yo kubyara ndetse ukanafasha mu kwiyongera kw’ibise mu gihe cyo kubyara. Ndetse uyu musemburo ujya unaterwa abagore iyo ibise byabaye bicyeya. Ukaba urekurwa ku bwinshi mu gihe cyo gukora imibonano mpuzabitsina, ari naho havuye aka kabyiniriro.

Ibibyimba kuri hypophyse

Akenshi ikintu gituma iyi mvubura idakora neza ni ibibyimba bishobora kuyizaho cyane cyane iyo umuntu akuze.

Ibi si ibibyimba byo ku bwonko kandi nanone nta kindi kibazo cyo kuribwa bitera (mu yandi magambo si kanseri). Ni gacye cyane kuri hypophyse hashobora kurwara kanseri.

Uku kubyimba birimo ibice bibiri by’ingenzi: ibivubura, n’ibitavubura. Kubyimba bivubura bituma iyi mvubura irekura imisemburo myinshi naho kubyimba bitavubura ntacyo bihindura ku misemburo ikorwa.

Gusa kubyimba uko ari ko kose bitera imikorere mibi ya hypophyse cyane cyane iyo habyimbye cyane kandi ahabyimbye ari ahegereye ku bwonko

Ibyo twabishyira mu bice bitatu

1. Gukora imisemburo myinshi (Hypersecretion): ibi biterwa nuko ukubyimba kwaje kuvubura
2. Gukora imisemburo micye (Hyposecretion): ibi biterwa nuko kwa kubyimba kuziba cyangwa gutuma ahanyura ibyakozwe hafungana bityo imisemburo ikorwa ikaba micye. Ibi uretse guterwa no kubyimba bishobora no guterwa no kubagwa kw’ibibyimba byaba ibyo ku bwonko cyangwa ibyo kuri hypophyse, kimwe no gushiririza bya bibyimba.
3. Izindi ngaruka: kwa kubyimba bishobora gutera ibindi bibazo binyuranye bitewe nuko kubyimba bigira aho bitsikamira. Akenshi bitera kuribwa umutwe, ibibazo by’amaso, n’ibindi binyuranye akenshi bigendana n’imikorere y’urwungano rw’imyakura.

Dusoza, reka tuvuge ko gukomereka, imiti imwe n’imwe, kuvira imbere cyane cyane bibereye ku gice cy’umutwe byose bishobora kugira ingaruka ku mikorere ya hypophyse.