Umwingo, n’izindi ndwara zifata thyroid. 

Thyroide (soma tiroyide) ni imvubura nto, ifite ishusho nk’iy’ikinyugunyugu kiguruka iboneka mu gice cy ijosi, hepfo gato y ingoto (pomme d’Adam/Adam’s apple).

Iyi mvubura ikora imisemburo inyuranye ifite akamaro muri yo twavuga T3 na T4.
Imisemburo ikora igira uruhare runini mu mikorere y’inyama zo mu nda, kuringaniza ubushyuhe bw’umubiri n’ibindi.

Gusa mu mikorere yayo ishobora guhura n’uburwayi cyangwa imikorere mibi bikaba byagira ingaruka ku yindi mikorere y’umubiri. Biterwa no gukora imisemburo irenze (hyperthyroidism) cyangwa mike (hypothyroidism)
Reka turebe imikorere mibi ine y’ingenzi nuko ikosorwa.

1. Hashimoto’s Disease

Iyi ndwara iterwa nuko iyi mvubura yakoze imisemburo mike (hypothyroidism). Ikaba ikunze gufata abagore bakuze nubwo n’abandi ibafata.

Iterwa nuko abasirikare b’umubiri bibeshya bakarwanya iyi mvubura bikayiviramo kwangirika bityo gukora imisemburo bikagora cyangwa se bikanga.

Benshi mu bafite iyi ndwara ntibagaragaza ibimenyetso kugeza bayimaranye imyaka myinshi kandi niyo bije biba bisa n’ibimenyetso by’izindi ndwara.

Muri byo twavuga :

• Umunaniro
• Kwiheba
• Kwituma impatwe
• Kubyibuha bidasobanutse
• Uruhu rukanyaraye
• Imisatsi ikomeye
• Mu maso hijimye
• Imihango iza ari myinshi kandi ihindagurika
• Kutihanganira imbeho

Hapimwa amaraso mu gusuzuma iyi ndwara bakareba abasirikare bari kubitera. Nyuma niho muganga ahitamo uburyo bukwiriye bwo kuyivura.

2. Graves’ Disease

Iyi yo ni indwara iterwa no gukora imisemburo myinshi (hyperthyroidism) ikaba yaritiriwe umuganga wayivumbuye, hashize imyaka isaga 150.
Nayo Iterwa nuko ku kwibeshya, abasirikare b’umubiri binjira noneho mu kwirwanaho iyi mvubura igakora imisemburo myinshi kugirango iringanize imikorere y’umubiri.

Iyi ndwara ni akoko (héréditaire), kandi igihe cyose yaza gusa yibasira cyane abagore bari hagati y’imyaka 20 na 30. Ibindi byongera ibyago byo kuyirwara harimo guhangayika, gutwita no kunywa itabi.
Ubwinshi bw’iyo misemburo rero butuma imikorere y’umubiri ihinduka bityo ibimenyetso bikurikira bikaza:

• Guhangayika
• Kudatuza
• Umunaniro
• Gutitira ibiganza
• Umutima guteragura bidasanzwe
• Kubira ibyuya cyane
• Gusinzira bigoranye
• Impiswi no kwituma kenshi
• Guhindagurika kw’imihango rimwe ikaza ubundi ikabura
• Ibibazo mu kureba.

Mu kuyisuzuma hapimwa amaraso ngo barebe ubwinshi bwa T4 n’ubucye bwa TSH byo byerekana ko ufite iyi ndwara
Nta muti wihariye uhari gusa muganga akugenera uburyo bunyuranye bw imiti ifasha mu mikorere myiza y’umubiri harimo iyigabanya imisemburo n’ifasha umubiri gukora neza. Umwanzuro wa nyuma ni ukubaga iyo umubiri utabasha imiti.

3. Umwingo (Goiter) 

Uku ni ukubyimba kwa Thyroid ariko bitandukanye no kuba yaba ari kanseri. Akenshi umwingo uterwa no kubura umunyu wa iodine mu byo kurya. Gusa nanone iyo ibaye nyinshi cyane nabyo bitera umwingo, nubwo bidakunze kubaho. Ibi bishobora guterwa no kurya umunyu urimo iodine nyinshi.
Umwingo abantu bose bawurwara gusa hari abo wibasira kuruta abandi.

Abo twavugamo abarengeje imyaka 40,  abagore, kuba mu muryango harimo uwigeze kuyirwara, gukoresha imiti imwe n’imwe, kuba utwite.
Iyo umwingo utaraba munini nta bimenyetso ariko uko wiyongera niko nabyo bigenda byiyongera.

Bimwe mu bimenyetso twavuga;

• Kubyimbagana mu ijosi
• Kunanirwa guhumeka no kumira
• Kwitsamura no gukorora
• Ijwi risaraye.

IGIHE UGARAGAJE KIMWE MURI IBI BIMENYETSO TWAVUZE NI BYIZA KWISUZUMISHA KWA MUGANGA.

Muganga nyuma yo kugusuzuma no gupima amaraso ngo amenye ingano ya T4, TSH n’ubwinshi bw’abasirikare niho azahera akwandikira imiti.
Imiti akenshi itangwa ni iyo kuzamura igipimo cya iodine mu mubiri iyo basanze umwingo uterwa n’igabanyuka ryayo. Kubagwa nabyo bibaho mu gihe nta yandi mahitamo.
4. Thyroid Nodules
Iyi ndwara twavuga ko ari nk’udupfundo tuza kuri thyroid cyangwa mo imbere.
Impamvu nyayo ibitera ntizwi gusa ahanini kuba urwaye hashimoto’s disease twabonye mbere no kubura iodine muri wowe biri mu biyitera. Hashobora kubyimba hagakomera cyangwa hakarekamo ibizi

Nubwo bitababaza ariko rimwe na rimwe bishobora kubyara kanseri.

Kimwe n’izindi ndwara zose zifata thyroid iyi nayo yibasira abagore kurenza abagabo, abakuze kurenza abato.
Akenshi nta bimenyetso iyi ndwara igaragaza gusa iyo bibyimbye cyane bishobora gutera kubyimba ijosi, kunanirwa kumira no guhumeka, umwingo no kuribwa.

Utu dupfundo rimwe na rimwe dukora imisemburo nuko ikaba myinshi mu maraso maze ibimenyetso bikaba nk’iby’urwaye hyperthyroidism.
Ibimenyetso ni ibi bikurikira;

• Guhumeka kenshi
• Kugira appétit nyinshi cyane
• Gususumira
• Gutakaza ibiro

Ku rundi ruhande, ibimenyetso bishobora kuba nk’iby’urwaye hashimoto’s disease, ariyo iterwa na hypothyroidism.

Ibyo ni:

• Umunaniro udashira
• Kubyibuha cyane
• Gupfuka umusatsi
• Kumagara uruhu
• Kutihanganira imbeho

Akenshi muganga ashobora kugendera ku bimenyetso umubwiye, no gusuzumisha intoki akamenya ko uyirwaye. Nyuma niho hapimwa amaraso bakareba niba ari hypo cyangwa hyper.

Iyo bidakura nta mpungenge biba biteye cyane ariko uko iminsi ishira iyo bigenda byiyongera harebwa niba ntaho bihuriye na kanseri, bityo ukitabwaho.

Ngizo indwara 4 zikunze gufata iyi mvubura yitwa thyroid.
Igihe cyose uhawe imiti yinywe uko muganga yabigutegetse kandi nihagira ingaruka ubona zidasanzwe zikubayeho, wihutire kubibwira muganga.