Diyabete cg indwara y’igisukari (diabetes mellitus) ni indwara yibasira uburyo umubiri ukoresha isukari (isukari yo mu maraso izwi nka glucose), uyirwaye agira isukari nyinshi mu maraso, bitewe n’uko umubiri ukora umusemburo wa insuline nabi cg se uturemangingo tw’umubiri tutumva neza insuline.
Glucose ni ingenzi mu mubiri cyane kuko niyo soko y’imbaraga umubiri ukoresha, niyo ituma uturemangingo dushobora gukora neza, kandi ifasha ubwonko mu mikorere n’imitekerereze.
Umurwayi wayo arangwa no kugira isukari nyinshi cyane kurenza ikinewe mu maraso. Ibi bitera ibibazo bitandukanye mu mikorere y’umubiri n’ubuzima muri rusange. Nubwo impamvu zituma isukari yiyongera zitandukanye, gusa byose bitera ikibazo gikomeye.
Ubwoko butandukanye bwa diyabete
Habaho ubwoko 3 butandukanye, nubwo ubuzwi cyane ari 2;
Diyabete ya 1. Aha umubiri ntuba ubashije gukora insulin. Ubu bwoko buza umuntu akiri muto kandi igaragara ku bantu bacye. Abarwayi ba diyabete ya 1 bagomba kwitera inshinge za insulin ubuzima bwabo bwose, aba bagomba kandi guhora bapima ibipimo by’isukari mu maraso ndetse bakagira n’ibyo barya byihariye.
Diyabete ya 2. Umubiri ntuba ukora insulin ihagije cg se uturemangingo tw’umubiri twinangira ku mikorere ya insulin (insulin resistance). Ubu bwoko akenshi ntibugaragaza ibimenyetso, bigenda biba bibi uko igihe gishira, umurwayi akaba yakenera nawe ibinini biringaniza insulin. Umubyibuho ukabije, kudakora imyitozo ngorora mubiri no kurya nabi ni bimwe mu bishobora gutera ubu bwoko bwa 2. Uko umuntu agenda akura kandi niko ibyago byo kuyirwara bigenda byiyongera
Diyabete iterwa no gusama (gestational diabetes). Yibasira abagore batwite. Abagore bamwe na bamwe bagira isukari nyinshi mu maraso, umubiri wabo ntubashe gukora insulin ihagije mu gutwara iyo sukari no kuyibika mu turemangingo, nuko igakomeza kwiyongera mu maraso.
Ivurwa mu gihe umugore atwite, iyo itavuwe neza bitera ibibazo bikomeye ku nda. Imyitozo ngorora mubiri ikwiye ndetse no kurya neza byafasha umugore kuyirwanya.
Ibimenyetso bya diyabete
Ibimenyetso byayo bigenda bitandukana bitewe n’uburyo igipimo cy’isukari mu mubiri cyazamutse ndetse n’ubwoko bw’iyo ufite. Ubwoko bwa 1 akenshi nibwo ibimenyetso biza vuba kandi bikaza bikomeye, naho ku barwaye iya 2 hari igihe ibimenyetso bitaza ukaba wamara n’igihe kinini utarabimenya.
Bimwe mu bimenyetso n’ibiyiranga ni:
- Kugira inyota ihoraho idashira
- Kunyaragura cyane
- Gusonza bidasanzwe
- Kwiyongera ibiro cg gutakaza ibiro mu buryo budasanzwe
- Guhora wumva unaniwe
- Kureba ibicyezicyezi
- Kugira ibisebe bidakira cg bitinda gukira
- Kunyara inkari zihumura (ibi biterwa nuko hagaragara mu nkari ibyitwa ketones, biba byatewe nuko nta insulin ihagije iri mu mubiri)
- Guhorana infections zitandukanye, nk’izo mu ishinya, ku ruhu ndetse no mu gitsina
- Kumva umubiri udakomeye
Diyabete yo mu bwoko bwa 2 niyo iboneka cyane ku bantu benshi (90% y’abarwayi baba bafite ubwoko bwa 2), ishobora kuza igihe cyose nubwo abakuru aribo igaragaraho cyane. Naho ubwoko bwa 1 bukunda kugaragara cyane ku bana bato n’ingimbi.
Diyabete ipimwa ite?
Bavuga ko umuntu arwaye iyo ibipimo by’isukari yo mu maraso (nka nyuma y’amasaha 2 umaze kurya) bingana cg biruta 11.1mmol/L (≥200mg/dl) cg se waba utariye bikaba bingana cg biruta 7mmol/L (≥126mg/dl)
Iyo nta bindi bimenyetso bigaragara ariko ibipimo by’isukari mu maraso yawe bikaba biri hejuru, uku gupima gusubirwamo ku minsi itandukanye kugira ngo byemezwe ko urwaye koko.
Diyabete ntipimirwa gusa mu maraso no mu nkari igaragaramo. Mu nkari z’umurwayi hagaragaramo ibipimo biri hejuru by’isukari (ku muntu muzima nta sukari ishobora kugaragara mu nkari kuko yose iguma mu mubiri ntisohoke)
Ibi bipimo bitangwa na laboratwali, uretse ko ubu hari n’utundi dukoresho (utumashini dupima diyabete) tworoshye gukoresha nawe wakwigurira muri farumasi.
Ni gute diyabete ivurwa?
Izi diyabete zose, iyo zikurikiranywe neza nta bibazo bikomeye zitera. Iyo mu bwoko bwa 1 nta muti igira, uyirwara ubuzima bwawe bwose. Iyo mu bwoko bwa 2 nayo uyirwara ubuzima bwose nubwo yo ushobora kubaho nta miti ukenera igihe cyose witaye ku buzima bwawe; ukora sport, ukarya bikwiye ndetse ukagira ibiro biri ku murongo.
Iyo idakurikiranywe ngo ivurwe neza itera ibindi bibazo bikomeye mu mubiri, bimwe mubyo twavuga:
- Umuvuduko ukabije w’amaraso
- Ibibazo by’uruhu
- Indwara zitandukanye z’amaso; nka glaucoma, ishaza mu maso, n’indwara y’amaso ituruka kuri diyabete
- Ibibazo mu mutwe; iyo idacunzwe neza bishobora gutera kwigunga bikabije, kudatuza muri wowe n’ibindi bibazo by’imitekerereze
- Ibibazo by’umutima; hari indwara zitandukanye z’umutima zishobora guterwa n’iyi ndwara.
Ni gute wakwirinda diyabete?
Iyi ndwara isaba kwitabwaho bihagije, mu kuyirinda bisaba:
- Kurya neza no kugira ibiro bikwiye. Niba ubyibushye bikabije ni ngombwa gushaka uko wagabanya ibiro. Indyo nziza kandi iboneye ni igizwe n’imbuto n’imboga nyinshi, ukagabanya amavuta menshi n’ibinure bituzuye.
- Imyitozo ngorora mubiri. Gukora sport kenshi ushoboye bishobora kukurinda ikibanziriza diyabete ndetse na diyabete yo mu bwoko bwa 2, no ku barwaye diyabete ya 2 bibafasha kuringaniza igipimo cy’isukari. Iminota 30 ku munsi y’imyitozo ngorora mubiri iba ihagije.
