Sobanukirwa byinshi bijyanye n’insoro zitukura n’ibyo kurya bizongera

Insoro zitukura arizo mu ndimi z’amahanga zitwa globules rouges/red blood cells, ni tumwe mu turemangingo tugize amaraso y’umuntu. Nizo zituma ubona amaraso atukura, gusa siko kamaro kazo gusa.

Insoro zitukura zituruka he?

Iyo umwana akiri urusoro mu nda, izi nsoro zitukura zikorerwa mu mwijima gusa Ku muntu mukuru (uwavutse) zituruka mu musokoro w’amagufa maremare nka ruseke, igufa ry’ukuboko, n’andi magufa maremare. Zikorwa ari nyinshi Ku buryo mu isegonda rimwe hakorwa izisaga miliyoni 2.

Insoro zitukura kandi ziba ari nyinshi Ku buryo muri mm3 imwe haba harimo hagati ya miliyoni 4-5 Ku bagore na miliyoni 5-6 Ku bagabo.

Insoro zitukura zimara igihe kingana gite?

Kugirango urusoro rutukura rube rukuze rwemererwe gutangira gukora, (erythropoiesis) bisaba byibuze iminsi 7 naho iyo zageze mu maraso zimara hagati y’iminsi 100 n’iminsi 120 Ku Bantu bakuru, no hagati y’iminsi 70 na 90 Ku bana bato. Gusa iyo umuntu arwaye indwara zifata mu maraso nka malariya igihe kiragabanyuka n’ubwinshi bwazo bukagabanyuka kuko haba hari izangiritse.

Iyo zipfuye zijya he?

Umubiri wacu urahambaye. Iyo igihe cyazo cyo kubaho kirangiye, umubiri wacu utegura gahunda y’ukuntu insoro zishaje ziyoboka umwijima n’urwagashya nuko uturemangingo twabugenewe tukazihinduramo ibitunga umubiri. Muri macye ntacyo gupfa ubusa.

Ni akahe kamaro k’insoro zitukura?

• Insoro zitukura bitewe n’uburyo ziburungushuye nizo zifasha umwuka duhumeka gukwirakwira mu mubiri. Poroteyine yitwa hemoglobin izibamo niyo ituma zifata umwuka wa oxygen (O2) twinjiza mu guhumeka nuko ugakwira mu mubiri.
• Ikindi kandi izi nsoro zifasha mu gusukura umubiri hakurwamo umwuka mubi wa gaz carbonique (CO2), ariwo dusohora iyo dusohora umwuka
• Izi nsoro zituma amaraso agira ibara ritukura.
• Ikindi twavuga yuko izi nsoro zituma tubaho kuko zidakwirakwije umwuka mu mubiri, ubuzima bwagira ikibazo.

Ese zishobora kuba nkeya?

Yego birashoboka. Niyo ndwara mu ndimi z’amahanga bita anemia.

Iyi ndwara iterwa muri rusange nuko amaraso yagabanutse.

Birangwa Niki?

Umuntu ufite insoro zitukura nkeya arangwa n’ibi:

• Ikizungera
• Umunaniro
• Uruhu rwijimye
• Gutera nabi k’umutima
• Guhumeka nabi
• Kubabara mu gatuza
• Gusa n’utaye ubwenge.

Ese biterwa Niki?

Impamvu ni nyinshi gusa zikubiye mu byiciro 3 by’ingenzi.

1. Mu cyiciro cya mbere turahasanga kuba watakaje amaraso menshi cyane. Ibi ni mu gihe wakomeretse, ugira imihango itinda kandi uva cyane, nyuma yo kubyara kuko utakaza amaraso, kuba ufite ibisebe mu gifu.
2. Icya 2 tuhasanga kuba umubiri udakora izi nsoro zihagije cyangwa nizikozwe ntizikure neza. Ibi biterwa ahanini no kuba udafite vitamini B12 na B9 (folic acid), kuko nizo zigira uruhare mu ikorwa ryazo; kuba umubiri udafite ubutare (fer/iron) buhagije, kuba amagufa maremare yarangiritse, kuba unywa itabi cyane
3. Mu cyiciro cya 3 tuhasanga kuba izi nsoro zangiritse. Ibi biterwa bwa mbere no kuba umugore wa rhesus negatif abyaye umwana wa rhesus positif. Iyo uyu mwana akuze akurana iki kibazo.

Ikindi kibitera ni indwara nka malaria, ubundi bwandu butandukanye (infections), Imiti imwe, kurumwa n’inzoka z’ubumara, kuba biri mu muryango (thalassemia), kurwara igisyo(ikibare) nabyo bishobora gutuma izi nsoro zangirika.

Ese indwara yo kugira insoro nkeya (anemia) ivurwa ite?

Kuvura iyi ndwara biterwa n’icyayiteye.

• Niba habayeho impanuka ukava amaraso menshi, bizasaba ko kwa muganga bagutera amaraso, ndetse bashobora kugutera agizwe n’insoro zitukura gusa mu gihe babona ariyo acyenewe cyane.
• Iyo ari umwana wavutse Ku mugore wa Rh- we akavukana Rh+ abaganga nibo bazahitamo icyakorwa ngo umubiri uhangane n’icyo kibazo. Ni kimwe no ku wavukanye iyi ndwara (thalassemia).
• Ku bagira imihango myinshi kimwe n’abakirutse indwara zitera iki kibazo, abagore bamaze kubyara, nkuko twabibonye mu gice cya 3, bahabwa Imiti ifasha umubiri kongera izi nsoro, no kongera amaraso muri rusange.

Ibi binini bishobora kuba ari fer/iron gusa (Ferrous sulfate), bishobora kuba ari vitamin B9 gusa (folic acid), kuba ari vitamin B12 gusa cyangwa ari uruvange rw’ibiri muri yo; akenshi hakoreshwa fer+acide folique izwi nka FAF, Fefol, na fercefol igizwe na fer+vitamin C+acide folique.

Hari kandi na amifer ikaba ari acids folique+vitamin B12.

Nyamara si ibyo gusa kuko hari n’ibiribwa bifasha umubiri kongera izi nsoro.

Iby’ingenzi ni:

• Ubuki byibuze akayiko buri munsi kuko bukize kuri byinshi
• Amata akungahaye kuri vit. A, B9, B12, C na E
• Inyama y’umwijima ikize kuri fer na vit.B12
• Ifi cyane cyane tilapia kuko ikize kuri vit B12
• Epinard zikize kuri fer, vit B9, A, E na C
• Beterave ikungahaye kuri fer
• Ubunyobwa bukungahaye kuri fer nabwo
• Inyanya zikize kuri vit.C kandi iyi vitamini ifasha mu gukurura fer iba iri mubyo twariye
• Amagi atogosheje byibuze rimwe ku munsi mu gihe wari urembye cyangwa 2 mu cyumweru mu gihe bidakabije
• Soya ikungahaye kuri byinshi cyane cyane fer
• Pome nayo irimo fer na vit.C
• Ingano n’ibizikomokaho nk’imigati, spagethi (macaroni)
• Imineke n’izindi mbuto nk’inkeri, amacunga, ibinyomoro, maracuja, byose byibitseho ibirwanya anemia.

Kugira insoro zitukura nyinshi (polycythemia)

Insoro zitukura hari igihe zishobora kuba nyinshi. Ibi birangwa nuko amaraso asa n’afashe bityo gutembera kwayo bikaba ikibazo.

Biterwa ahanini nuko umubiri uba ucyeneye umwuka wa oxygen (O2), kandi twabonyeko uyu mwuka ukwirakwizwa mu mubiri n’izi nsoro.

Ibi rero bikunze kuba ku Bantu baba mu misozi miremire gusa hari n indwara zishobora kubitera. Murizo twavuga:

• Indwara zifata ibihaha zikabyangiza (COPDs)
• Indwara y’umutima
• Kuba amaraso acyenewe mu mpyiko atageramo neza.

Iyi ndwara irangwa n’iki?

Bimwe mu biranga umurwayi w’iyi ndwara harimo:

• Kureba ibirorirori
• Kubabara mu gatuza
• Kuribwa umutwe
• Kumva utuntu tukujombagura
• Kubabara imikaya (muscle)
• Ikizungera
• Umuvuduko udasanzwe w’amaraso
• Gucura injereri mu matwi

Bivurwa bite?

Muganga nyuma yo gusuzuma no kumenya ikibitera niwe uguhitiramo uburyo bumwe mu bukurikira:

• Kujya uvomwa amaraso byibuze angana n igice cya litro mu gihe runaka
• Ufite iki kibazo asabwa kutanywa itabi na rimwe.
• Hanatangwa Imiti ibuza amaraso kuvura nka aspirin ya 75mg ikinini kimwe ku munsi
• Imiti yindi nka interferon na hydroxycarbamide nayo ishobora gutangwa.

Iyi ndwara ntikunze kuboneka cyane ariko ibaho gusa iravurwa.