Personality disorders: Indwara zibasira imitekerereze ya muntu

Tugiye kurebera hamwe igice cya 3 ari nacyo cya nyuma mu ndwara zifata imyitwarire cyangwa se imitekerereze ya muntu (Troubles de la Personnalité cg se personality disorders).

Ushaka gusoma igice cya 1 kanda hano https://umutihealth.com/personality-disorders/

Ushaka gusoma igice cya 2 kanda aha https://umutihealth.com/indwara-zibasira-imitekerereze-ya-muntu-trouble-de-la-personnalite-personality-disorders/

Groupe C: Effacé (troubles anxieux et craintifs)

iki  ni  igice  kirangwa n’ubwoba ndetse no kutigirira icyizere,  bikagaragarira  ababona  uyu muntu   ko  imyitwarire ye  idasobanutse.

1. Trouble de la personnalité évitante (Avoidant personality disorder) ni iki?

Uwafashwe n’iri hungabana, arangwa no kugira ubwoba no kutiyizera bidafite impamvu. Iyi ndwara irangwa n’ibitekerezo bitaribyo bibangama mu kumenyerana n’abandi, uyifite aba yumva ko ntacyo ashoboye cyangwa adafite igikundiro, yirinda cyane kujya mu ruhame kugirango ataza kuhasebera cyangwa agahezwa.

Iyi ndwara ikaba ikunze kugaragara umuntu atangiye gukura. Kutitabwaho cyangwa gutereranwa na sosiyete bishobora kongera iyi ndwara.

1.1. Ibimenyetso biranga iyi ndwara

Guhezwa no kunengwa birababaza cyane kuruta uko umuntu yakwibera wenyine, uwagize iri hungabana ni uku aba atekereza, uyu ahitamo kugendera kure abandi kugirango batazamuheza.

• Iyo umunenze mu buryo ubwo aribwo bwose biramugora kubyakira ndetse bikamukoraho cyane.
• Uyu yumva ko ntacyo ashoboye bityo nta kizere yigirira.
• Gutinya bikabije kujya mu ruhame kuko yumva ko aza kuhahurira ni ibibazo.
• Uyu ntaba yifuza imibanire n’abandi kuko aba yumva ko hari ikibazo bazagirana nyuma nko kunengwa, gushwana n’ibindi .
• Kwiyumvamo ko ari hasi y’abandi bose( guca bugufi bikabije)

1.2. Iyi ndwara iterwa ni iki?

Iyi ndwara ishobora guterwa n’uburyo kwigirira ikizera  biba  byarashize  mu gihe cy’ubwana biturutse ku kunengwa na sosiyete rimwe na rimwe twakwita nko guserereza.

Mu bwana, uyu aba yarahuye n’ibihe byisubiramo bimwereka ko yajugunywe cyangwa yahejwe na sosiyete.

2. Trouble de la personnalité dépendante (Dependent personality disorder) ni iki?

Mu kinyarwandwa wavuga ko ari ihungabana cyangwa indwara bifata umuntu akumva ko  agomba kubaho ariko abifashijwemo n’abandi haba mu buryo bwo gutekereza no gufata ibyemezo ndetse no mu mikorere ye ya buri munsi.

2.1. Iyi ndwara irangwa ni iki?

• Uyu ntaba yiteguye gufata ibyemezo mu gihe atarabona inama zihagije zivuye kuri bagenzi be cg abandi yizera.
• Uyu akenera ko abandi bamuba hafi mu buzima bwose bwa buri munsi kuko aba yumva ntacyo yashobora wenyine.
• Ahangayikishwa no kuba yagirana ikibazo n’inshuti ye magara kuko yaba atakaje uwamufashaga wamubaga hafi
• Atinya kuba yatangira umushinga cyangwa kuba yagira icyo akora wenyine kuko aba atiyizeye, kuko aba yishinja kudashobora.
• Uyu atinya kwisanga wenyine kuko aba yumva atamenya icyo yakora ageze ahakomeye hahandi hasaba kwirwanaho.
• Mu gihe uwo bakundanaga batandukanye yihutira gushaka undi kugirango uyu aze  amufashe cyangwa amuhe ubufasha yari akeneye nkubwo uwo bari kumwe yamuhaga.

2.2. Ese iterwa ni iki? 

Igitera iyi ndwara ntikizwi neza, ariko abahanga bavuga ko itangira kwigaragaza mu gihe cy’ubwana igakomeza umuntu akuze, imiterere karemano nayo yaba indi mpamvu hakaza kandi uko umuntu yagiye akura.

Ibindi bishobora kuyitera harimo:

• Kurindwa cyane n’ababyeyi bishobora kuzatera ikibazo mu kunanirwa gufata ibyemezo  wenyine mu gihe  usigaye wenyine
• Kuba umuntu yarigeze guteshwa agaciro mu ruhame cg gusuzugurwa mu bwana bwe bitera uyu kutakira kunengwa ikindi gihe.
• Kuba umuntu yarabayeho ashidikanywaho mubyo akora, ugusanga akenshi anengwa aho kugirango abone abamushyigikira.
• Ihohoterwa rishingiye ku gitsina iyo umuntu atabonye abamufasha kwiyakira, rituma umuntu abura  ukwiyizera agahorana ubwoba, atinya kuba yakwisanga wenyine.

3. Trouble de la Personnalité Obsessionnelle (Compulsive/Obsessive Compulsive Personality Disorder (OCPD)) ni iki?

Iyi ni indwara cyangwa ihungabana aho uyirwaye ahorana inkeke yo gushyira ibintu ku murongo mu buryo butarangira, kunoza birenze urugero ibyo akora, kugenzura cyane intekerezo hamwe n’imibanire n’abandi agamije gukora byiza kurushaho. Ibi bitangira umuntu akuze akenshi.

3.1. Iyi irangwa ni iki?

• Kwibanda kuri buri kantu kose, amategeko, gushaka udushya, gushyira ku murongo ibintu byose kugeza ubwo biza kurangira icyari kigenderewe kibagiranye ndetse n’intumbero bari bafite mbere yahindutse.
• Gushaka kunoza cyane ibyo akora, hari ubwo bibangamira gukomeza ibyakorwaga; urugero ni nkaho uyu ashobora kunanirwa gukora umushinga kuko hari ibibura kandi we yita ko ari ingenzi.
• Gukabya gukunda cyane akazi no gushishikazwa n’umusaruro uvamo bigatuma atera umugongo kwishimisha no gusabana n’inshuti ariko ibi bikaba bidatewe no kubura uburyo mu mikoro.
• Ahora atekereza cyane ndetse akagira impungenge mu buryo bukomeye akibaza cyane  ku buryo bwo kubaho muri sosiyete, indangagaciro n’amategeko bigenga sosiyete .
• kutabasha kujugunya ibyashaje mu bikoresho atunze kabona nubwo muri ibyo bikoresho harimo ibidafite agaciro.
• Kwanga kuyoboka ibikorwa runaka cyangwa se kwanga gukorana na bagenzi be. Kugirango bakorane bigasaba ko uwo bakorana agendera ku mategeko ye .
• Uyu arangwa cyane no gushaka kuzigama amafaranga ye ndetse n’ayabandi kuriwe amafaranga agomba kubikwa akazakoreshwa mu bihe bigoye cg bikomeye.
• Uyu kandi yigaragaza nk’umuntu ufata ibyemezo bikomeye ndetse ntava ku izima ku bitekerezo bye.

3.2. Iyi ndwara yaba iterwa ni iki?

• Uburezi bufite igitsure gikabije budaha umwana umwanya wo kugaragaza amarangamutima, cyangwa nanone igihe ababyeyi baburiye umwana umwanya wo kumwitaho akishakira ubundi buryo.
• Hari ubwo umwana aba yaragize ababyeyi bakunda kumuhana cyane kuburyo we ashakisha uburyo bwose bwo gukora neza cyane kuko aba azi neza ko nakosa azahanywa bikomeye.
• Havugwa kandi izindi mpamvu zishingiye ku muco, sosiyete ndetse n’iyobokamana bidaha agahenge umwana bikamushyiriraho amategeko akomeye, gusa aha si amategeko yose atuma umwana agira iki kibazo ahubwo ni igihe hari umwihariko muri yo, ashobora kumubangamira.

4. Ese izi ndwara ziravurwa?

Izi ndwara zifata imitekerereze ya muntu zigahindura imyitwarire ye mu muryango, imwe kuri imwe iravurwa mu buryo butandukanye hakurikijwe ubuhanga bw’abo twita aba psychologue (psychologist) cyangwa aba psychiatre.

Ukeneye kuvugana n’umwe twandikire tugufashe.