Umutima ni inyama yo mu gatuza, iherereye hagati y’ibihaha, mu gice cyo hagati y’amabere. Iyo nyama ikaba ingana hafi y’igipfunsi cya nyirayo.
Akamaro rukumbi k’umutima ni ugusunika amaraso uyohereza mu bice binyuranye by’umubiri no kwakira avuye mu bice binyuranye by’umubiri.
Muri iki gikorwa kirimo ibice 2; ku gice cya 1 wakira amaraso avuye gusukurirwa mu bihaha, na wo ukoherezayo avuye mu mubiri yamaze kwandura kugirango asukurwe. Ibi byitwa izenguruka rigufi.
Ku gice cya 2 umutima wakira amaraso avuye mu bindi bice binyuranye by’umubiri kugirango ajye gusukurwa, na wo ukoherezayo andi maraso meza avuye gusukurwa, ari byo byitwa izenguruka rirerire.
Umutima ukaba ugizwe n’ibice 4 by’ingenzi
- Agatwi k’iburyo kakira amaraso avuye mu migarura nako kakayohereza mu kabondo k’iburyo
- Akabondo k’iburyo kakira amaraso avuye mu gatwi k’iburyo kakayohereza mu bihaha ari naho asukurirwa, aho umwuka mwiza wa oxygen usimbura uwa gaz carbonique
- Agatwi k’ibumoso kakira amaraso yuzuye umwuka oxygen avuye mu bihaha kakawohereza mu kabondo k’ibumoso
- Akabondo k’ibumoso (ni nako gafite ingufu) kohereza amaraso akungahaye kuri oxygen aturutse mu gatwi k’ibumoso kakayohereza mu bindi bice binyuranye by’umubiri.
Mu migendere y’amaraso hakaba hakoreshwa imiyoboro yitwa imijyana (arteries) ari yo ijyana amaraso mu mubiri cyangwa mu bihaha avuye mu mutima hakabaho n’imigarura (veins) igarura amaraso mu mutima avuye mu bihaha cyangwa mu bindi bice by’umubiri.
Kugira ngo amaraso ave mu mujyana agere mu mugarura anyura mu tundi dutsi duto mu ndimi z’amahanga twitwa capillaires.
Kuba amaraso yitwa ko yanduye ntibivuze ko hari indwara yateza, ahubwo nuko aba arimo umwuka mubi wa gaz carbonique, gusa iyo uyu mwuka ubaye mwinshi bibangamira ihumeka bikaba byanatera ubundi burwayi, si uburwayi bwandura.
Zimwe mu ndwara zifata umutima.
(Kubera kutabona ikinyarwanda gikwiye twasobanuramo izina ry’indwara, twarirekeye mu ndimi z’amahanga, turarisobanura)
- Coronary artery disease: ni indwara iterwa nuko cholesterol yagiye ikaziba imiyoboro izana amaraso mu mutima. Uko iyi mitsi iziba bishobora kugeraho bigatera amaraso kwipfundika, nuko umutima ugahagarara gutera. Nibyo byitwa akenshi ngo yishwe n’umutima. Ubu burwayi nibwo butera ubuzwi nka myocardial infarction (heart attack), burangwa nuko umutima ubura oxygen, ugaca.
- Angina pectoris: ubu ni uburwayi buterwa nuko imitsi yo ku mutima iba mito nuko ukumva mu gatuza hakubabaza cyane cyane iyo winjije umwuka cyangwa ukoze igituma agatuza kaguka. Iyo uribwa cyane kandi bikagufata nta kintu uri gukora ahanini biba bibanziriza umutima guca, kwihutira kujya kwa muganga ni ingenzi. Naho iyo biba nyuma ahanini yo gukora akazi k’ingufu, aho umutima wari ukeneye oxygen nyinshi, kuruhuka byonyine birabivura.
- Arrhythmia: ibi ni ugutera kudasanzwe k’umutima, akenshi biterwa nuko hari impinduka mu gukora kw’ibikoresha umutima. Akenshi ntacyo biba bitwaye biranikiza ariko nanone hari igihe bisaba kujya kwivuza, iyo biba kenshi
- Congestive heart failure: hari igihe umutima unebwa ku buryo utabasha kohereza amaraso akenewe (ahagije mu mubiri). Ibi birangwa ahanini no guhumeka insigane hamwe no kubyimba amaguru.
- Cardiomyopathy: ibi biterwa nuko umutima ubyibuha bidasanzwe, ukagara, nuko gusunika amaraso bikawubera ingorabahizi
- Myocarditis: kubyimba k’umutima akenshi biturutse kuri virusi runaka
- Pericarditis: kubyimba kw’agahu gatwikiriye umutima akenshi biterwa no kwandura virusi runaka, indwara y’impyiko, no kubura ubudahangarwa. Ibi bishobora no guteza kuzura amazi hagati y’agahu n’umutima ubwawo bizwi nka pericardial effusion
Izi si zo ndwara zifata umutima zonyine, gusa ni zo zikunze kuboneka mu barwayi benshi b’umutima.
Mu gusoza reka twibutse ko igihe cyose wumvise ikibazo kidasanzwe mu mikorere yawo ari byiza guhita wirukira kwa muganga.
Twibutsa ko imiti yose itangwa ngo ukire uburwayi bw’umutima uyihabwa gusa mu gihe wayandikiwe na muganga
